Science and belief: two sisters for a long time divided because of the
humility lack of scientists and because of the little diffusion of the
scientific knowledges.
Why do we keep them still separated ?
Why don't
we recognize that both are marvellous gifts given by God to men by the Holy
Spirit?
We say that science and belief are divided because the science
operates in the field of the immanent reality and the belief in the one of the
transcendent reality, because we don't understand that both are the faces of
the same medal :the truth.
Why don't we consider that both science and
belief are paths leading us toward God?
Why don't we consider that a man
going along the way of the science, if he recognizes with humility the
cognitive limits of himself in the respects of the intimate essence of the
immanent reality, he necessarily will recognize the Absolute? Why don't we
admit that the scientific knowledges, that day by day are accumulated in all
the laboratories of the world owing to the continuous, huge employment of
human and economic resources, they are nothing but superficial knowledges of
the reality,that are only useful to build up some apparently coherent models
of the immanent reality that constitutes the object of the scientific
research?
The intimate essence of the natural phenomena escapes, because
the scientists working in the fields of the fundamental research, are
satisfied with only finding laws and models that result coherent in comparison
with the experimental method ( Galilean ), guaranteeing only the possibility
of verifying and foreseeing physical phenomena, without any reference to their
intimate essence.
The methods of the fundamental (pure) scientific research
, that concerns only the discovery of the structure of the physical world,
without reference to any application,remind us what sustained the German
philosopher Emmanuel Kant ( Koenigsberg, 1724-1804 ), for which the scientists
succeed in acquiring only a phenomenal knowledge of the nature, that is a
knowledge concerning exclusively everything is appearing, whereas the intimate
essence of the reality, that it may be only intelligible (the so-called
noumenon),escapes, outside the structure of the space-time,that shows the
phenomena as they are seen by us across some "coloured lenses".
The
actuality of the Kantian point of view may be underlined by the following
examples:
Example I - The incompatibility between classical mechanics
and quantum mechanics, connected to the dual nature of matter, that is both
particle-like ( in classical mechanics ) and wave-like (in quantum mechanics).
The mechanics describing the microcosm phenomena, the quantum mechanics of
Heisenberg, Schroedinger, Dirac, is entirely disjoined from the Galileo-Newton
classical mechanics, that is valid instead only when considering the common
mechanical phenomena, concerning the microscopic bodies and materials systems,
that are able to be seen, touched, modified and submitted to physical measures,
by the common mechanical tools ( graduated rulers, balances, dynamometers
).
Microscopic systems instead ( atoms, molecules, crystals ), obey to the
Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and prevent to the observer to know entirely
and at the same time the speed and the position of each elementary particle (
electrons, protons, neutrons ) of which they are constituted; in fact, taking
into account the complementarity principle of Niels Bohr, the presence of the
observer performing a measure changes the quantum state of the system;
therefore it is always necessary to perform two measures, in different times,
the first, for example, to measure the speed of a particle, ignoring entirely
its position, the second one to measure the position of a particle, ignoring
entirely its speed ( we remember that it is impossible in quantum mechanics to
define the trajectory of a particle ).
Example II - The incompatibility between classical electrodynamics and quantum
electrodynamics, connected to the dual nature of the electromagnetic radiation,
which is both wave-like ( in classical electrodynamics ) and particle-like (
in quantum electrodynamics ).
We can make some considerations that are like the ones made for the mechanical
phenomena.
In fact the electromagnetic radiations ( light, infrared and
ultraviolet rays, X and g rays) behave
classically, as waves, in the macroscopic electromagnetic phenomena (
reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, polarization ), and as
particles ( photons or quanta of radiation ) in the microscopic
electromagnetic phenomena ( emission and absorption of electromagnetic
radiations by atoms, molecules and crystals ).
Example II - The incompatibility between the theory of the general relativity
(the theory of the gravitation ) of Einstein and quantum mechanics.
Till
now all the attempts made to reformulate the theory of the gravitation in
accordance with the principles of quantum mechanics have been unsuccessful.
The curved space-time of the gravitational theory of Einstein is till now
escaped to all the quantization attempts, and have been evidenced many
difficulties to formulate an unified theory ( TOE -The Theory Of Everything)
of the four fundamental forces of the nature ( gravitational, electromagnetic,
subnuclear weak and subnuclear strong ).
In fact,whereas for the
electromagnetic and subnuclear weak forces, it is possible to show
theoretically ( the electro-weak theory of Weinberg, Salam, Glashow ) and to
verify experimentally ( Rubbia, 1983 ) that they are unified by only one force
( the electro-weak force produced by the exchange of the W+, W- and Z° vector
bosons), till now from the unification are excluded both the strong subnuclear
force acting among the quarks by the gluon exchange, inside the theory of
quantum chromodynamics, and the gravitational force, whose quantization
requires the exchange of quanta of gravitational energy (gravitons).
Example IV - The incapability to explain the mystery of the dark matter.
The more recent cosmological observations on the galaxies lead to admit that
their peripheral zones contain an amount of matter much greater of the one
visible, with the aim of explaining the stability of their structure with
respect to the high orbital speeds of the peripheral zones.
From this
observations it is deduced that in the universe the amount of the visible
matter constitutes only the 5 % of the total mass that it is necessary, on the
base of the present cosmological theories, to justify the measures of the
leaving speed of the galaxies, calculated from the Doppler red shift of the
their spectral lines.
Of what particles is made dark matter? Are these
particles neutrinos or other exotic particles, that is particles that don't
constitute the common matter?
The considered examples are useful to
give only a vague idea of the extreme complexity of the problems that the
physicists try to resolve in researching an unitary theoretical scheme that
consents to describe in a coherent way the innumerable aspects of the
structure of the Creation, without introducing too much specific sub-theories,
as the general relativity to describe huge concentrations of matter ( galaxies
and clusters of galaxies ) and the quantum physics ( quantum mechanics,
quantum electrodynamics and quantum chromodynamics ), to describe the
microcosm. We feel that with the increasing complexity of the theories
formulated to study the infinitely small objects, are coming out microcosmic
sceneries with an increasing complexity, as if the microcosm were constituted
by many structures, one encapsulated within another, till the attainment of
the typical lengths of the Planck scale (4,1* 10-34m).
The
physical world appears always more and more mysterious with the increasing
energy of the particle supercolliders.
Therefore men feel a mysterious
limit to their need of knowing , and they continue to use the "coloured
lenses" of the space-time to attempt to understand with their infinitely
inadequate mental tools,everything is beyond to the limit of knowledge to
which the Creator allowed them to arrive.
So men arrive to a crossroads: to
continue to ostentate their hybris(pride,haughtiness,presumption)to try
to understand everything they aren't able to understand, or to recognize
humbly, by the belief, the omnipotence of the Creator of the universe.
